The Marigolds- Lizabeth

THE LIFE THAT MAKES UP WHO LIZABETH IS TODAY Because of her going through depression and regretting mistakes she has done, Lizabeth’s maturity level has risen and so has her understanding of life– causing this to make up the person she is today. To begin with, Lizabeth’s depression interferes with her teenage experience. â€Å"When I think of the hometown of my youth, all that I seem to remember is dust– the brown, crumbly dust of late summer– arid, sterile dust that gets into the throat between the toes of bare brown feet. According to the story, Lizabeth sounds like a depressed person that would rather stay in the house all day alone than go outside and have fun with friends. She is letting the Great Depression ruin her one-in-a-lifetime experience that no child will ever forget. â€Å"And so, when I think of that time and that place, I remember only the dry September of the dirt roads and grassless yards of the shantytown where I lived. † Lizabeth only thinks of her past and remembers it better than any other of her childhood memories.The reason is because the depression has a huge effect on her and her family’s life because they are poor and they live in poverty. Also, it is difficult to make a living off of so little money back then, especially with only the mom working. It is also hard to support a family with only one person working. Not only does Lizabeth suffer from depression but she also has regrets. â€Å"I feel again the chaotic emotions of adolescence, illusive as smoke, yet as real as the potted geranium before me now. Lizabeth regrets what she does in the past and she cannot find any way to deserve forgiveness. Lizabeth is a confusing teenager that still believes she has no idea why these things have been happening to her. Furthermore, Lizabeth’s maturity level rises as she deals with her problems as an adult rather than be childish about things. â€Å"Joy and rage and wild animal gladne ss and shame become tangled together in multicolored skein of fourteen-going-on-fifteen as I recall that devastating moment when I was suddenly more woman than child, years ago in Miss Lottie’s yard. â€Å"We children, of course, were only vaguely aware of the extent of our poverty. Having no radios, few newspapers, and no magazines, we were somewhat unaware of the world outside of our community. † Lizabeth knows that the Great Depression is going on but she isn’t worried because she has always been living in poverty; with no communications with the outside world she will never know how poor her lifestyle really is.Last but not least, although Lizabeth is a confused teenager, she still knows her right from wrong and she is shameful of the disrespectful and rude remarks she makes at Miss Lottie. â€Å"Of course I could not express the things that I knew about Miss Lottie as I stood there awkward and ashamed. † â€Å"For one does not have to be ignorant an d poor to find that his life is as barren as the dusty yards of our town. And I have too planted marigolds. † Lizabeth finally accepts who she is as a person and does the right thing by moving on and forgetting the past.

Safe State vs. Swing State

Ben Mason Eng. 1001 sect. 38 9/26/12 The Voting Playground: Play it safe? Or swing? This is a concern that arises for presidential candidates every four years as we approach presidential elections. First, there are two terms to be recognized: â€Å"safe state† and â€Å"swing state†. In a â€Å"safe state† the presidential candidate of a particular party has the vast majority of support of that state's voters, regularly, so that he/she can safely assume the favorable outcome of the state's electoral college votes. Some ell-known safe states are California for democrats, and Texas for republicans. On the contrary, there are states that are not like safe states and no single candidate or party has overwhelming support of the votes. These are called â€Å"swing states† or â€Å"battleground states†. Some examples of swing states of this election are Florida, Iowa, Colorado, and others. In the voting world, the president is decided through representativ e votes by the states. This is called the electoral college. A presidential candidate needs 270 electoral votes to win the election. For 48 states, it is a inner-takes-all election which means that whichever candidate receives a majority of the popular vote, or a plurality of the popular vote (less than 50 percent but more than any other candidate), takes all of the state's electoral votes. Maine and Nebraska are the only states that use a proportional vote system. In these states, there could be a split of electoral votes among candidates. (Dugan) The electoral college plays a huge role on the topic of safe states and swing states by effecting the behaviors of presidential candidates. For instance, safe states that re known to vote a certain way will not receive near as much attention or campaigning as swing states during the times close to elections. This is why candidates fight over swing states that may only have as little as 4 electoral votes, instead of fighting for states wit h a lot more. (Dugan) An example of this would be Romney and Obama spending large amounts of money campaigning in a swing state such as Iowa with 7 electoral votes and very little in a safe state like California with 55 electoral votes. (Politico) Candidates do not put a lot of effort into afe states because it is unlikely that he/she can change the minds of the people there. Also, one will not spend time and money campaigning in safe states because he/she may already have the support of the people in those states. As you can see, the electoral college is key to understanding how safe states and swing states work. There is a kind of two party dictatorship in today's American politics and the vast majority of voters fall into these two categories or parties: Republican or Democratic. Every election period there are two candidates unning for these parties. In order for the candidate to get the vote of a particular state he/she must run a campaign. The aggressiveness and frequency of t he campaigns might vary due to the status of a party's influence over certain states. Sometimes the candidates have to modify there stance or ideals on certain issues to fit to that particular state. An example would be that some candidates may want to position themselves to appeal to a certain ethnic group of that area. Obama has tried to appeal to the Hispanic vote in Colorado due to the growing umber of Hispanic immigrants. (Larcinese) This may be a smart move because he is usually popular among minority groups. In return, Romney has tried to address people in rural areas. Recent polls show that he is 14 percent more popular with people in rural areas than Obama is. (Gruber) Also, issues that are a big concern in an area may be emphasized. Things like restoring the health of a declining ecosystem may be brought up in an area that is suffering from deforestation or pollution to secure the votes of people concerned about that subject.Other factors play into campaigning in swing sta tes as well. Many times instead of stretching the truth, a candidate will just neglect to bring up the matter, whatever it may be. The sensitive issues of a certain state might be avoided in order to sound better on a vague level. Slogans are made short and vague for this reason to get anyone to jump on the band wagon. Making the issues fit the political views of the people in a certain area or background is imperative to getting favorable votes. Candidates do whatever it takes to look good or appeal to people.This sometimes means mud-slinging or making the opposing candidate look bad. This has been going on since the beginning of presidential runoffs. A great example of this would be â€Å"Romney's war on women† as said by Obama because of Mitt Romney's stance on issues for women. This gives the allusion that Romney doesn't care about women's health issues so that Obama would be favorable to women. (Politico) In return, Mitt Romney has attacked Obama's healthcare plan saying that Obama wont cover people with preexisting conditions. This is an ongoing thing that will never stop.There will always be differences in views that candidates will trash each other with. There are a vast array of ways to advertise to capture the hearts and minds of would-be voters. The key to it all is appealing to the people that have the most stake in the situation and convincing them to vote a certain way to decide the victor of the presidential race. As you can see, the role of swing states and safe state are crucial to how things are done and the way that American politics play out. Works Cited Larcinese, Valentino. â€Å"Allocating the U. S. Federal Budget to the States. The Journal of Politics. Wiley Library. , 27 Apr 2006. Web. Vol. 68 May 2006 Gruber, Jonathan. â€Å"Rural Favor and Polls† Hastings Center Report. Wiley Library. , 8 Feb 2012. , Sep,Oct 2006 Politico. org. , â€Å"News, Analysis, Candidates, and Polls. † Real Clear Polls. Swing state view. , Sep 26 2012 archive. fairvote. org/e_college. htm. , â€Å"Maine and Nebraska. † â€Å"Center for voting and Democracy. †, copyright 2002. , Dec 10 2009 Dugan, Andrew. Gallup. com/poll/swingstate. htm. , â€Å"Swing State Voters. † Washington D. C. , â€Å"Race Track 2012† Sep 9 2012

Fine Art Programs Should Be Banned - 1581 Words

â€Å"Funds have been cut in more than 80 percent of U.S. school districts since 2008. The very first programs to go are often disciplines such as music, art and foreign language.† This is a shocking amount of fine art programs that are being cut out of the schools in America. It is often argued that fine art programs should be eliminated because of ‘inappropriate’ content in some plays, people believe that artists are more involved in scandals, and believe musicians are more likely to get involved with gambling and are more likely to be unreliable. Nevertheless fine art programs in schools should continue to be funded in schools because all fine art programs come with their own benefits both inside and outside of the classroom that will help kids become better people in their lives. The ways that these fine art programs can help students are shown through three fine art programs drama, art, and musical education because all of these have positive effects that can help children grow and learn. Some drama classes in schools are being elminated because critics say, â€Å"The plays had references drinking† (Huffingtonpost.com 2). This shows that some plays have a more mature theme, but that should not mean that the whole drama program should be eliminated in the whole school. This is shown when American Alliance For Theater Education says, â€Å"Students considered to be at high risk for dropping out of high school cite drama and other arts classes as their motivations for staying inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Stephen Chbosky s The Catcher Rye And F. Scott Fitzgerald And Tennessee Williams1460 Words   |  6 PagesPittsburgh, Pennsylvania on January 25,1970. â€Å"He is the son Lea, a taxpayer, and Fred B Chbosky, a steel company executive and consultants to CFO’s†. Stephen went to the University of South Carolina and received his bachelor s degree in Fine Arts in the film writing program of 1992. He was Stephen was greatly influenced by J. D. Salin ger s novels â€Å"The Catcher in The Rye†and F. Scott Fitzgerald and Tennessee Williams. â€Å"Elizabeth Thompson said in Stephen Biography that†He married Liz Chbosky on SeptemberRead MoreEssay about We Should NOT Censor Internet Pornography1331 Words   |  6 Pagesparticularly concerned with the social effects of online pornography and its effect on the values and morals of minors who can access pornographic images. I will argue for the liberal side and argue that porn in both print form and electronic form should be constitutionally protected. The major piece of legislation that would infringe on the rights of Internet users was the Communications Decency Act (CDA) of 1996. 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K. 332 First Movement Analysis Essay - 2002 Words

Mozart Sonata No. 12 in F Major K. 332 First Movement Rachel Gilmore MTC 461.001 November 26, 2012 The first movement of Mozart’s piano Sonata No. 12 in F Major is written fairly typically in the very structured sonata form. Historically is follows the main guidelines that were understood for the form. Harmonically, is progresses like expected. There are a few surprises here and there, but they are typical for Mozart’s compositions, especially his sonatas of the 18th century. In all, it makes a very interesting piece of work, especially with so much contrast within it. The formal structure of the first movement is sonata form. Not only is this evident in the title but it is very clear after an analysis of the piece has been done.†¦show more content†¦The No. 12 F Major sonata is a great example. The first movement in itself has seven different melodic devices. The harmony tends to stay within the realm of normal for the 1700’s. There are places, though, where Mozart again drifts from common practices. Mozart was fairly well known for his inventive bridge sections during the expositions of his sonatas. In these bridge sections, Mozart would begin a theme on v (minor), â™ ­III, III, VI, or V that eventually creates the false sense of having transposed to the dominant V key. Often Mozart would proceed to the tonic sounding V with an augmented sixth chord. He does just this in Sonata number 12, as shown in the example on the top of the next page in measures sixty-four through sixty-seven. VI7 ii7 V7 Ger+6 V Mozart begins a harmony on a Major sixth chord and leads into a V with a seventh chord, giving a dominant to tonic feel. He further gives this effect by leading into another V with the augment sixth German chord that has been filled out with a perfect fifth and a major third above the Aâ™ ­ bass. Though the augmented sixth chord is voiced unorthodoxly, it gives the same effect. The chord structure of this work is very functional. Cadence points are fairly clear and the phrases are usually of aShow MoreRelatedFrequency Of Occurrence, Mat 540 : Statistical Concepts For Research1771 Words   |  8 Pages Frequency of Occurrence MAT 540: Statistical Concepts for Research Dr. Nicholas Jewczyn Windell K Smith Jr September 29, 2014  Introduction American Sign Language (ASL) is a language that uses manual signs, body movements and Non Manual Signals (NMS) (i.e., eye gazes, head tilts, and mouth movements) instead of sound to convey meaning (Stokoe, 1960). Most of the early research on sign language during the 1960’s and 1970’s, focused on handshapes. 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Graduation Essay The Generation Jobless - 1449 Words

Graduates in Canada The Generation Jobless documentary has enlightened me on how bad the after graduation unemployment situation is in Canada. There are more cons than there are pros in the unemployment situation. Some of the positive parts of the graduation unemployment are, the places that help graduates finds jobs, that they graduated with a degree in something, and that they put themselves up higher on the education ladder. Just a few of the cons are underemployment, pointless debt because graduates can’t find jobs in their fields, server jobs are the only jobs graduates can find, and graduates are let go faster than others that have more experience. I feel that Canada needs to do something fast about this issue because they have one of the highest unemployment rates for graduates in OECD countries. There are very few pros in the unemployment situation in Canada. Graduating in Canada has a few good things about it. The jobs that the young graduates are highly educated in a certain field, and if they can find a job in that field then they are good. They are also overqualified for the positions that they can find, which makes their jobs easier on them. A website is available and it helps recent college students (and non-recent college students) find jobs. The website is called Talent Egg, and it has helped some students find jobs. Also there is a university in Canada that guarantees students jobs by the time that they graduate. If students do not find jobs within a yearShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Urbanization of Poverty2440 Words   |  10 Pagesboth racially and economically segregated are overwhelmingly negative. Children in racially and segregated schools tend to have worse educational outcomes than other students and are more likely to be suspended or expelled or to drop out before graduation. Failure to complete school contributes to a lifelong lack of human capital (Coleman, 1988) both for the individual and his or her community. The res ult is that urban neighborhoods that are both high-minority and high-poverty are populated byRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pageseventually pay off.† Scott is not alone. In the past 5 years, millions of U.S. workers have lost their jobs, and millions of new entrants—many of them, like Scott, under 30— have had trouble finding suitable work. Sources: L. Uchitelle, â€Å"A New Generation, an Elusive American Dream† New York Times (July 7, 2010), pp. A1, A11; B. Levin, â€Å"Sending Out an S.O.S.: Who Will Give This a Handout/Job?† Dealbreaker (July 7, 2010), http://dealbreaker.com/tag/scott-nicholson/. 2 What Is OrganizationalRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesbecome the fastest growing segments in the workforce, and accommodating their needs has become a vital responsibility for managers. Furthermore, during this time, birth rates in the United States began to decline during the 1960s. The baby boom generation had already reached its apex in terms of employment opportunities, which meant that as hiring continued, the pool of baby boomers dwindled. Workforce Diversity 11 DID YOU KNOW? Chief Diversity Officer Deborah Dagit stands just four

Australia’s Economic Growth

Question: Discuss about the Australias Economic Growth. Answer: Australias Economic Growth After two long decades of continuous economic growth, low inflation, a vibrant financial system, and reduced government debt, Australia entered 2016 facing a range of constraints. By and large, the reduced growth was predominantly driven by a sharp decline in the global prices of the economys key export products (Murphy 2016). As a result, the economy contracted unexpectedly in 2016 (Janda 2016). Notably, this was the first contraction to be experienced in the country since 2011s March quarter. Regardless, the economy of Australia is expected to experience an increase in its economic growth in the near future. It is crucial to note that in June 2016, the country brought up a historical and unique economic record of economic growth. As at that time, the country had experienced 25 years of uninterrupted economic growth (Scutt 2016). In the same year, the level of GDP growth rate was recorded as 3.3 percent. Notably, this is the fastest level of growth experienced in the country over the last four years (Hutchen 2016). It is a remarkable achievement, given that the country is going through an economic transition. At the time, the countrys economic growth was only second to that of the Netherlands (Scutt 2016). It is worth noting that various factors contributed to the remarkable economic growth experienced in the country in the last few years. A robust growth in the countrys population led to a significant boost in the level of economic activity in the aggregate economy. Particularly, this brought about a significant increase in the countrys aggregate demand. In addition, the rise of the Chinese economy and past economic reforms in the country were a significant factor in enhancing the countrys GDP. Today, the Australian economy has unlimited potential to expand. Economic growth in 2016 Typically, economic growth pertains to the increase in an economys capacity to produces services and goods from one period to another. Basically, it is the increase in a countrys aggregate productivity. It is measured either in real terms or in nominal terms. Traditionally, this indicator is measured in the form of the GDP or the GNP. An increase in the countrys economic growth brought about by efficient use of inputs is called intensive growth. On the other hand, growth caused by an increase in the amount of inputs available for use is referred to as extensive growth. In the third quarter of last year, the Australian economy experienced a contraction of 0.5 percent. It is worth noting that this contraction was unanticipated given the past performance of the economy. The June quarter had achieved a 0.6 percent growth. It missed the market consensus by about 0.3 percent (Australia GDP 2017). Thus, it was expected that the level of growth would continue for the rest of the year. Markedly, this decline in growth was the first the second quarter of 2011. It was also the fastest decline since the 2008s December period (Australia GDP 2017). Consequently, this reduced the level of investment and net trade in the country. Throughout the year, the economy slowed sharply from a 3.3 percent expansion in the June quarter. During this period, it grew by a mere 1.8 percent yet forecasts had estimated a 2.5 percent growth. From 1959 until 2016, the average rate of economic growth in the country is estimated at 0.85 percent. During this period, the highest level of growth was attained in 1976, at a record high of 4.40 percent (Australia GDP 2017). In contrast, the lowest level was experienced in 1974 at -2.10 percent in the second quarter (Australia GDP 2017). Last year, the gross fixed capital formation declined by about 2.7 percent. In turn, this led to a decline in the level of growth by 0.7 percent. In the same way, the degree of private investments in the economy dropped by 0.8 percent. Primarily, this is attributed to the 1.4 percent drop in dwelling constructions, a 1.3 percent fall in non-dwelling construction and a 4.9 percent decline in ownership transfer costs. In addition, there was a 0.3 percent decline in the level of GDP growth caused by a massive fall in private investments in the building sector. Likewise, new and used dwellings, and new engineering reduced the GDP growth by about 0.1 and 0.2 percent in that order (Australia GDP 2017). In turn, this reduced the overall rate of economic growth in the country. Just like private investments, public investments in the economy also declined. Particularly, private investments dropped by 10.4 percent. Consequently, this detracted 0.2 percent points the countrys GDP growth. In the same period, the state and local general governments investments fell by 13. 0 percent, while the national and general governments investments dropped by approximately 16.8 percent (Australia GDP 2017). Therefore, the level of economic growth in the country was strained, thereby leading to contractions in growth during the third quarter. Regardless, the level of export services and goods from the country rose by 0.3 percent. Imports grew faster at around 1.3 percent. For this reason, the net exports contracted, thereby reducing the countrys GDP growth by 0.2 percentage points. There was also a change in the total inventories by AUD 1503 million. Markedly, this is a significant increase compared to the previous quarter. Subsequently, this contributed about 0.1 percent to the countrys GDP (Australia GDP 2017). Predominantly, the increase was brought about by an upsurge in retail inventories and wholesale trade in the country. The September quarter of last year saw an increase in the level of final consumption expenditure by 0.3 percent (Australia GDP 2017). As such, household spending picked up by 0.4 percent. Mainly, this is attributed to the fact that there has been an increase in the number of cafes, restaurants, and hotels in the country. In addition, the economy realized a 2.2 percent upsurge in the level of insurance services in the economy. Financial services in the economy also increased by 1.3 percent (Australia GDP 2017). On the other hand, government expenditure also declined. With regard to industry, mining activities reduced by 0.8 percent. Primarily, this occurred because of the reduction in mining support services and exploration in the economy. Thus, coal mining dropped by 0.5 percent, oil and gas by 1.3 percent and other mining activities by 3.1 percent. Similarly, the construction industry declined by 3.6 percent. Retail trade and the real estate services fell by 0.8 and 2.4 percent respectively. Despite the declines in these industries, the fishing, forestry and agricultural sector realized a 7.5 percent growth. Primarily, this was driven by increases in cotton, grains and livestock output. There was also an increase in information media and telecommunications in the economy. The real net disposable income rose by 0.8 percent in the third quarter. This was an upsurge from the June quarter 0.5 percent growth. By a large extent, this was supported by the 4.5 percent rise in Australias terms of trade. Notably, the terms of trade increased consecutively for the first time since the September quarter 2011. It is the combination of these components that brought about the 1.8 percent growth in GDP in the last quarter of 2016, down from a 3.3 percent expansion in the preceding quarter (ABS 2017). Economic growth over the last few years It is imperative to note that the Australian economy has performed relatively well compared to many other advanced countries since the global financial crisis. As such, the nation emerged out of the 2008 crisis better than other economies (Ong 2016). Notably, the country has gone through 25 years without experiencing the effects of an economic recession. Its economic growth rates are higher than most OECD countries. Now, the country has reached a transition phase where its terms of trade are influenced by the peak of the mining investments boom. Thus, the economy is operating under the production and export phase (Ong 2016). Its economic growth rates are higher than most OECD countries. The service sector is one of the biggest contributors to the countrys GDP. Approximately, it accounts for about 70 percent of the GDP. It also accounts for 75 percent of the jobs in the Australian economy (Ong 2016). In the recent past, the country benefitted from a massive increase in its terms of trade. However, the trend has been reduced following the decline in global commodity prices. The countrys abundance and a rich endowment of natural resources encourages foreign investments. Besides, the country is an open market with minimal regulations on imports of products and services (Murphy 2016). This has led to significant economic growth in the country. From 2011, the rate of economic growth in Australia has been interchanging between expansions and contractions. In 2011, the level of economic growth in the country was estimated at 2.7 percent of the GDP. The subsequent year realized a significant increase in the level of economic growth estimated at 3.6 percent. However, in 2013, this figure dropped to 2.0 percent, after which it rose sharply to 2.7 percent in 2014. Notably, this figure dropped again in 2015 to about 2.4 percent (GDP in Australia 2015). The GDP purchasing power parity has constantly been increasing since 2014. Specifically, the countrys PPP rose from about $1.128 trillion in 2014 to $1.156 trillion in 2015. Last year, the value further increased and was estimated at $1.189 trillion. When compared to the rest of the world, Australia is ranked at position 20 in terms of the GDP PPP (Westcott 2016). On the other hand, the real growth rate has been experiencing ups and downs since 2014. In 2014, real growth was approximated as 2.7 percent. However, in the succeeding year, the figure dropped to about 2.4 percent. It later increased to around 2.9 percent last year (CIA 2017). In terms of real growth, the country is ranked at position 102 globally. Additionally, the country has been experiencing substantial growth in the level of GDP per capita over the past few years. As at 2014, Australias GDP per capita was estimated as $47, 800. Remarkably, the value increased in the following year to $48300. Last year the estimated per capita increased further to $48800 (CIA 2017). Indeed, the continuous increase the level of per capita income indicates substantial increases in the level of economic activity and economic growth in the country. Today, Australia is ranked 26th globally with respect to the level of per capita. It is also important to point out the fact that Australias gross national savings have reduced significantly over the past 3 years. According to the CIA, the level of gross national saving as at 2014 was approximately 23.7 percent of the GDP (CIA 2017). However, this component saw a significant decline in the following year. Specifically, the level of national saving decreased to 22.1 percent of the GDP in 2015. What is more, the value further dropped in 2016 to about 21.7 percent of the GDP (CIA 2017). Regardless, the economy experienced a decline in the level of unemployment rate between 2015 and 2016. Unemployment in Australia dropped from 6.1 percent to 5.8 percent (CIA 2017). In the same way, the level of inflation declined between the two years. In 2015, the inflation rates were estimated at 1.5 percent. However, last year, the inflation rate dropped slightly by 0.1 percent. Remarkably, the level of imports decreased between this period from about $207.7 billion to 203.1 billion. Similarly, the exports from the country also decreased from $188.3 to $184.3 billion (RBA 2016). Exchange rates in the country have seen a steady increase since the beginning of 2012. In 2012, the exchange rate level was recorded at 0.97 Australian dollars per every 1 US dollar. The rate further increased to 1.1094 Australian dollars per US dollar in 2013. The trend continued steadily, with the value increasing to 1.3291 in 2014. Notably, in the following year, the exchange rate between the countrys dollar and the US dollar remained constant. Last year, the rate dropped slightly to 1.352 AUD per US dollar (CIA 2017). Effects of Economic Growth Economic growth within the country has various effects both socially and economically. By and large, economic growth in Australia has brought about various positive effects for the people of Australia. However, there are also negative effects associated with it. Positive Effects Typically, economic growth in Australia has brought about an increase in the level of average income among members of the society. In turn, this has enabled the consumers to enjoy more services and goods. It has also led to improved standards of living among the Australians. Also, economic growth has led to a rise in the level of employment opportunities in the country. Higher output and economic growth encourage firms to employ more workers. For this reason, the unemployment rate in the country has gone down significantly. Low unemployment translates to reduced poverty levels in the country. Consequently, this means improved quality of life of the Australian people. Additionally, high economic growth in the country has led to a decline in government borrowing. Particularly, this is because economic growth leads to higher tax revenues. Thus, there is less need for the government to spend on social benefits like unemployment benefits. Besides, the government has less need to borrow money, thus lower government debt. Instead, the increases in revenues are used by the government to improve its provision of public services. The availability of more revenue facilitates the provision of education, health, and old age care home services, among others. What is more, economic growth in the country has facilitated the government to dedicate resources to the protection of the environment. The higher real GDP has allowed the government to promote recycling and the use of renewable sources of energy in the country. It has also allowed the government to instigate and implement various anti-pollution laws to discourage environmental pollution in the country. Aside from that, economic growth in the country has encouraged investments activities in the country. In turn, this has led to a continuous cycle of economic growth as experienced in the last 25 years. Economic growth in the country has also facilitated a wider choice for services and goods offered in the country. Mainly, this is because people have more money to spend on services and goods in the country. Consequently, this increases the aggregate demand, encouraging suppliers to produce more services and goods to meet the demand of the consumers. In this regard, an increase in the level of economic growth in Australia has benefitted both the consumers, suppliers and the society in general. Negative Impacts Despite the various benefits associated with economic growth, there are numerous negative outcomes that arise in the process. As such, economic growth in the country has brought about various environmental and social problems. Economic growth is as a result of an increase in the level of economic activity in the aggregate economy. Thus, as more output is produced by firms and as consumption for the output increases, more waste is produced. In addition, the level of emissions from industries has increased over the years, causing significant environmental pollution. Notably, such externalities reduce the social welfare of the society. The economy has also witnessed a sharp rise in property prices as a result of the continuous economic growth. Houses in regions like Melbourne, Sydney and other major cities have become unaffordable over time. The rising housing prices following the property boom in Australia has made it difficult for first time home buyers to afford and acquire housing units. In turn, affording decent housing in the country has become a significant problem that the government has to address in the near future. Australia has also experienced a rapid growth in urban areas as a consequence of high economic growth. The urban areas have grown in size, and people have moved to the areas. Over time, this has led to an increase in traffic jams, chaos, and urban sprawls. In addition, the level of crime in the regions have increased as a result. Besides, there is also inflation risk associated with economic growth (Smyth 2016). Sometimes, the level of demand exceeds the level of supply in the economy. Consequently, this brings about inflationary pressures in the economy. High economic growth in the country is also associated with an increase in income inequality among the members of the society. By and large, economic growth results in the widening of the gap between the poor and the rich in the society. Predominantly, this is brought about by the increased dispersion of income distribution within the economy. As a result, the rich in the society become richer as the poor become poorer. Various health challenges may also arise due to increases in economic growth in the country. Today, the society is facing sophisticated heath challenges due to new pressures caused by the increase in the occurrence of chronic illnesses and the aging populations. Conclusion For a long time now, the Australian economy has been performing relatively well. The economy has been experiencing increased economic growth for over 25 years. Economic recessions are unheard of in the country. However, the third quarter of 2016 saw the economy contract. By and large, this performance was largely unexpected. Regardless, the economy has great prospects for expansion in the future. The high economic growth in the country has brought about various benefits for the economy. For instance, it has led to an increase in the average income level of the people and a reduction in unemployment rates. It has also reduced the level of government debt over time. Importantly, this has led to improved living standards for the people of Australia. Regardless, the high levels of economic growth in the country are linked to various social and economic ills. There is increased pollution, a significant rise in property prices in the economy, increased traffic jams, and urban sprawls. High economic growth in the country is also linked to increased crime rate in the urban areas. There is also increased income inequality between the haves and the have-nots of the society. Even so, it is worth noting that the negative effects associated with high economic growth are much better than those connected to low economic growth. For this reason, it is vital that the level of economic growth in Australia continues. Reference List Central Intelligence Agency (2017) Australia. [Online] Central Intelligence Agency. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html [Accessed 30 January 2017]. Hutchen, G (2016). Economy is growing faster than expected at 3.1%, but news is not all good. [Online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jun/01/australias-gdp-growth-rises-by-11-in-march-quarter-taking-annual-rate-to-31 [Accessed 30 January 2017]. Janda, M (2016). Australian economy shrinks 0.5pc in September quarter, worst fall since global financial crisis. [Online] ABC. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-12-07/economic-growth-gdp-data-abs/8099480 [Accessed 30 January 2017]. Murphy, J (2016). Australias GDP disaster could be the best thing that ever happened to us. [Online] News.com. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/economy/australian-economy/australias-gdp-disaster-could-be-the-best-thing-that-ever-happened-to-us/news-story/02d100febc624c881237598cac0b0b52 [Accessed 30 January 2017]. Ong, T (2016). GDP: Happy 25th birthday to Australia's economic growth. [Online] ABC. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-07/gdp-australia-goes-25-years-without-recession/7823988 [Accessed 30 January 2017]. Reserve Bank of Australia (2016). Australian Economy Snapshot. [Online] Reserve Bank of Australia. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/snapshots/economy-snapshot/ [Accessed 30 January 2017]. Scutt, D (2016). Australia's economy has grown for 25 years, but it's come at a cos.t [Online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/australias-economy-has-grown-for-25-years-but-its-come-at-a-cost-2016-10 [Accessed 30 January 2017]. Smyth, J (2016). Australia downgrades economic growth forecasts. [Online] Financial Times. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/40a809fc-c59f-11e6-8f29-9445cac8966f [Accessed 30 January 2017]. The Guardian (2016). Australian economic growth could slip below 3% until 2018 OECD. [Online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/nov/29/australian-economic-growth-could-slip-below-3-until-2018-oecd [Accessed 30 January 2017]. Trading Economics (2017) Australia GDP Annual Growth Rate. [Online] Trading Economics. Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/gdp-growth-annual [Accessed 30 January 2017].

Will Mozambique Replicate Successful Story in Cerrado, Brazil Challenges and Opportunities

Introduction Mozambique is a vast nation in southern Africa with a populace of roughly 23 million occupants (Rosario, 2013, p. 3). Agriculture is a very important sector of the country’s economy, with 70 percent of its rural populace depending mainly on farming for employment and livelihood. In fact, it is the second most important sector in Mozambique after the service sector.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Will Mozambique Replicate Successful Story in Cerrado, Brazil: Challenges and Opportunities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It accounts for nearly 25 percent of the aggregate output (Coughlin, 2006, p. 10). In addition, it has contributed considerably to the massive being made in the battle against poverty for the last two decades (Ashley Gà ªmo, 2010, p. 5). As of late, the nation has been regarded by global organizations as one of the success stories in present-day Africa. This is a result of pol itical steadiness and positive macroeconomic performance. In the last decade, the country’s aggregate output has been growing by around 8 percent every year. However, the Human Development Index in the country is still low; Mozambique is ranked number 165 out of 169 (Rosario, 2013, p. 4). This means agriculture doesn’t do so well as expected, especially being the main source of income for nearly 80 percent of the country’s population. Rural food insecurity is the main cause of poverty in Mozambique. According to the country’s ministry of agriculture, at least 37 percent of the rural population normally suffers from food shortage every year (Grabowski, 2011, p. 9). This essay will explore the state of agriculture in the South African state of Mozambique, which will include the country’s farming systems and agricultural policies, and the role of women in agriculture, among others. This will be achieved through the exploration of different theories an d concepts and key arguments between authors and their conceptual positions. Farming Systems and Role of Women in Mozambique Mozambique’s agribusiness is characterized by smallholder and sedentary farming system (Grabowski, 2011, p. 9). According to Gemo and Rivera (2001, p. 5), each active holding possesses approximately 1.1 hectares with Less than 2 percent owning more than 10 hectares. The overall productivity among the smallholder farmers is exceedingly low.Advertising Looking for essay on agriculture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their participation in the market is also very poor because of various reasons, including high transaction costs, low yields, inadequate information and lack of market. In addition, increased land fragmentation, which is as a result of sociocultural factors such as land inheritance, has made the farms uneconomical. Nevertheless, traditional farming systems ensure survival of peasant far mers and preservation of traditional food crops. Despite constituting over 70 percent of agricultural producers, the lineage systems have restricted women access to land. Additionally, even though the government of Mozambique has ratified the African Charter on Human and Gender rights, it has not been translated into concrete actions (Gawaya, 2015, p. 8). Therefore, gender rights and full participation of women in agricultural production still remain one of the major challenges facing the country. In fact, the majority of women are like slaves because they participate in agricultural production, but do not enjoy the economic benefits. Agricultural Transformation and Development Strategy The Brazil-Mozambique partnership, along with other state-initiated programs has led to a significant transformation of the country’s agricultural sector (Nehring Wolford, 2015, p. 210). However, the biggest question that lingers in the mind of many people is whether Mozambique will replicate the success story of Cerrado, Brazil. Three decades ago, Brazil signed a trilateral agreement with the United States and Japan to modernize agricultural production and agricultural market produce. The agreement (commonly known as ProCerrado), saw Brazil transform from a food insecure to a food surplus economy, as well as lifting millions of its citizens from poverty. The Brazil’s success story has been sought after by many African countries, including Mozambique following numerous food crises that have rocked the continent over the last three decades. ProSavana, which is a replica of ProCerrado, is the best strategy to tackle the current predicaments facing the agricultural sector. ProSavana is based on Fei-Ranis model of economic growth or surplus labor model. It is not only aimed at mechanizing agricultural production, but also to support agricultural research and commodification of land, labor and capital in Mozambique. Commodification of land, labor and capital basically means increasing land areas through acquisition and privatization, commercializing farming, and enhancing access to capital. This leads to the development of large agricultural estates and increased agricultural productivity in terms of labor and agricultural output (Nehring Wolford, 2015, p. 210).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Will Mozambique Replicate Successful Story in Cerrado, Brazil: Challenges and Opportunities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Given the peace and tranquility enjoyed by the country and increased economic growth, ProSavana policy is achievable. In addition, the country has about 36 million hectares, with only 3.2 million hectares occupied by smallholder farmers. This offers a great opportunity for increasing agricultural land areas, embracing commercial and mechanized farming, as well as funding agricultural research and rural extension services. Commercial farming will attract excess l abor from the smallholdings to large estates due to lucrative wages. This will give women and youths an opportunity to exploit their potential and earn good income and, subsequently, reduce general poverty levels. In addition, rural extension services will make the society appreciate the role of women in agriculture and the economy as a whole (Rosario, 2013, p. 3; van den Berg, 1987, p. 382). Conclusion Agriculture in Mozambique is both a source of food and livelihood. Therefore, agricultural transformation will not only make the country a food secure nation, but also help to reduce poverty through increased income to local farmers. In addition, it caters for the needs of the marginalized, especially women and youths. The government and non-governmental organizations play a very important role in the transformation process, for example, providing support programs and building agricultural infrastructure. References Ashley, S Gà ªmo, H 2010, Assessment of Phase II of PROAGRICULTURE , Ministry of Agriculture, Maputo, Mozambique. Gawaya, R 2015, Investing in Women Farmers to Eliminate Food Insecurity in Southern Africa: Policy-Related Research from Mozambique, Rouledge, London, UK. Gemo, H., Rivera, W 2001, â€Å"Mozambique’s Move towards a Pluralistic National System of Rural Extension†, Agricultural Research and Extension Network Paper No. 110. Grabowski, P 2011, Constraints of Adoption of Conservation Agriculture in the Angonia Highland of Mozambique: Perspectives from Smallholder Hand-Hoe Farmers, Master’s Thesis, Michigan University, Michigan.Advertising Looking for essay on agriculture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Coughlin, P 2006, Agricultural intensification in Mozambique infrastructure, policy and institutional framework—when do problems signal opportunities? Economic Policy Research Group, Maputo, Mozambique. Nehring, R., Wolford, W 2015, â€Å"Constructing Parallels: Brazilian Expertise and the Commodification of Land, Labor and Money in Mozambique†, Canadian Journal of Development Studies, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 208-223. Rocha, A., Starkey, P., Dionisio , AC 1991, â€Å"Cattle Production and Utilization of Smallholder Farming Systems in Southern Mozambique†, Agricultural System, vol. 37, pp. 55-75. Rosario, DM 2013, From Negligence to Populism: An Analysis of Mozambique’s Agricultural Political Economy, United Nations University, Helsinki. van den Berg, J 1987, â€Å"A peasant form of production: wage-dependent agriculture in Southern Mozambique’’, Canadian Journal of African Studies, vol. 21, no.3, pp. 372-389. 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